西安中英导游词
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西安中英导游词篇一：导游词中英文
长白山北坡导游词
敬爱的邓小平同志游览长白山后说?不登长白山终生遗憾our respected leader deng
xiaoping , after visiting changbai mountain , said that it would be a lifetime regret
without climbing the changbai mountain ?是的我想诸位今天游览长白山后会有更加深
刻的体会. indeed, i believe all of you will have more impressive experience after
the visit 长白山将是您生态旅游、回归自然的首选旅游胜地。 it will be your first
choice of ecotourism and to return to nature . 现在大家跟我来到的是长白山北坡山门后now, we at the gate of the north slope
of changbai mountain . 朋友们您现在已进入了举世闻名的长白山国家级自然保护区my
friends , you have entered in the world-renowned changbai mountain national nature
reserve我现在简单地向大家介绍一下长白山保护区的 情况。let me give you a brief introduction of the reserve 长白山自然保护区建
立于1960年changbai mountain natural reserve was founded in 1960 ,1980年加入国
际人与生物圈保护区网被列为世界自然保留地1986年被列为国家级森林与野生动物类
型的自然保护区2007年5月经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5a级旅游景区2009年8月经
国家地质遗址保护领导小组批准授予长白山国家地质公园资格。2009年11月长白山入
选‘中国十大休闲胜地’ 界限分明的垂直植被景观带。it was included into the world
network of biosphere reserve and listed as the world natural reserve in 1980,and as
the national forest and wild life protection administration as the national 5 class-a
tourist attraction in may ,2007 and by natural geological relics protection leading
group to confer it as the national geological park in august ,2009,.in november of
2009, |changbai mountain was selected as “china ?s top leisure resort” 从山脚到山顶虽然只有几十公里的行程there is only ten meters long from the feet
to top 但垂直分布的景观带却好像经历了欧亚大陆从温带到极地几千公里的变化but the
vertical landscape belt seems to has experienced about thousands of kilometers
changes in euria from subtropical to polar 游客可以在几个小时之内感觉到从温带到寒
带的不同自然景色tourists can enjoy various natural sceneries from frigid zone to
temperate zone within hours.如同游历了半个世界经历了春夏秋冬四季一样真可谓是一山
分四季十里不同天。it just like have happened for half a century and experienced
from spring to winter . the mountain has different views in four seasons and has
various climates within kilometers篇二：英语导游词各位游客朋友们，大家好！我先代表我们西西旅行社真诚的欢迎大家！我叫林玺，我将
陪伴你们游玩龙岩，今天和我一起为大家服务的呢还有我身边的这位张师傅，张师傅驾驶技
术娴熟，他的大巴车号码是f-12345。如果你有什么问题和特殊的要求，请告诉我们，我们
会尽力让你们在龙岩有一个愉快的旅程。我相信大部分的人可以对龙岩有一个好的记忆，我
们非常希望得到你们的支持和配合，我们希望你们可以在这里玩的开心。 there are over 23000 earth buildings of different styles in yongding,the main
styles of which are mansion-style, square and round.among them , there are over 360
round earth buildings,which are most typical. 我们今天将要去参观的是被称为是世界上独一无二的山区建筑，神秘的东方古堡——永
定土楼。世界上所有的民居建筑，永定土楼以其悠久的历史、独一无二的外形、壮丽的规模、
巧妙的结构、完整的功能以及丰富的文化内涵被誉为是中国传统的五大民居之一，被誉为中
国古代建筑奇观。永定县土楼共2万3千多座，其中以方楼、圆楼为主，典型的圆楼的数量
有360多座。
today the place we’ll visit is the hakka earth building folk and culture village
at hongkeng of yongding.because we have too many earth buildings here, so today we
will visit the most famous zhencheng building,which is known as the prince of earth
buildings. 现在请大家抬头看门上的三个汉字，大家知道为什么这栋楼要叫振成楼吗？其实啊，这
个楼名是因为纪念楼主林丕振和林福成，从他们名字当中各取一字嵌入联首（振纲立纪，成
德达才），振成的意思是无论国还是家，都应当遵纲守纪，才能造就有德有才之人。 zhencheng building is made up of two circles: the outside one is earth structure
and the inside one is brick structure. the outside wall is 16 meters high, kitchens
and dining rooms are on the first floor, warehouses are on the second floor, bedrooms
are on the third and the forth floor. there are 218 bedrooms here, now more than 40
families are living in the building. ok my dear guest, my first question for you!
why there isn’t any windows on the first and second floor? as a matter of fact, when
hakkas moved here, they was frequently invaded by other nations. so once they close
the main gate and the two doors beside, it was difficult for the enemies to break
in. and this is one of the 5 functions of the earth building------defence.振成楼由内外两环楼构成，外环是土木结构的，内环则是砖木结构。他的外墙高16米，
一层为厨房、膳厅，二楼是仓库，三四层是卧室。共有218个房间，现在还有40多户人家住
在土楼里。好，各位游客，我的第一个问题来了，有谁知道，为什么土楼的一二层都不设窗
户呢？原来啊，客家人刚迁移到这里的时候，常遇外敌入侵，只要关上大门和左右两个边门，
敌人就很难入侵了。这就是我们土楼5大功能里的第一个功能—防盗防卫功能。 ok now let’s go into the building. do you feel warm? yeah, since the wall is
thick, it can prevent heat and keep warm. so it’s warm in winter and cool in summer.好，现在我们走进土楼里面去看看。大家一进来是不是觉得特别暖和？是的，土楼因墙
体厚实，隔热保温，因而具有冬暖夏凉的功能。 just not go to other units.what’s more, people have dug two wells in the building
which will provide the water for the fire. 大家看，在楼内的每个单元之间，都设有防火墙。通常，一个单元就是一户人家，当把
防火门关上时，你就拥有自己的空间，当打开防火门时，整个楼就是一个大家庭。还要向各
位说一说土楼的第三个功能—防火功能。大家看，一旦楼内发生了火灾，火势不致蔓延，并
且楼内挖有两口水井，也为扑火提供了水源。 the most conscious trait of the design of the earth building is quakeproof. in
the last two years, since wenchuan and yushu earthquake have happened in our country,
the quakeproof function of the building was greatly concerned. fortunately, the
ancestors here took consider of this function hundreds of years ago. look, the outside
circle tilted inwards as it went up and became the wall which is . besides, some bamboo
and firs were put into the wall in order to strengthen the pull and prevent the quake.
土楼的设计最大的特色莫过于他的防震功能。近两年，我们国家经历了汶川大地震、玉树大
地震等，房屋防震功能的考虑越来越受到人们的重视。但是土楼的先民们在百年前就考虑到
了这个重要的功能。大家请看外环楼的墙体，他是随着高度的增加渐向内倾斜，形成下大上
小、向心力强的墙体。并且在墙体中放入了竹片、杉木条，增加了墙体的拉力，大大提高了
抗震能力，防震效果明显。there is another important function, that is environmental friendly. the earth
building is made of earth, when it is pulled down, it’s still earth. this attracts
the great attention of environmentalists. 土楼还有一个重要的功能，那就是环保功能
了。土楼取之于泥土，拆毁后回归自然，特别适宜环保，这引起了环保界的极大兴趣。 以上就是土楼的五大功能，由于时间关系，今天的土楼讲解就先告于段落了，在即将结
束我们的土楼游览的时候，我也再次代表我们西西旅行社非常欢迎大家可以再来感受我们土
楼的魅力，谢谢！ 鼓浪屿
today we will visit gulangyu islet after breakfast,our tour bus awaits outside,so
please take your personal belongings and follow my instructions to board the bus.it
will take us 5 minute to get to the ferry. 现在请大家注意你们左手边的岛屿。这就是鼓浪屿了，也就是我们今天的要到的目的地。
鼓浪屿，穿越过厦门海峡，濒临厦门西南海岸有600米。这个面积仅有1.91平方千米的微小
的岛屿，人口不少于20,000。1995年4月，鼓浪屿成为国家重点旅游风景区。同时，也是福
建省十大旅游景点之一.
厦门有句名言：到厦门不游鼓浪屿不算真正到厦门。更准确的说，除非你游览过日光岩，
走上天风台，登上日光岩最高峰才算真正到过厦门。现在我们将从前门进入日光岩景区。我
们在龙头山,进入大门内，来到的是厦门最为著名的寺庙——日光岩寺。日光岩寺又称“莲花
庵”。它建立于明朝，在1956年得到重修，已经有四百多年的历史了。由于每天莲花庵最先
沐浴在阳光里，故称为“日光寺”。turing right we will go to the memory hall of zheng chenggong, inside thememory hall we will see a bronze statue of him .words describing his entire life
are cared at the bottom of it .the form on its right has shown all of the great events
in his life. he was born in japan in 1624 and returned to china at the age of 7. on
april 21st ,1661,he led his troops to taiwan and retake it from the dutch after they
had colonized it for over 38 years.he died in taiwan the follow year,1662,at the tender age of 39. in memory of him,we have displayed some photos and modles
to show the places he visited and the battle ship he used. after visiting the zheng chenggong memorial hall, now we are going through the
old summer cave.its name suggests that people liked to escape to its cool interior
during sweltering summers,go upstairs and we can see a gate in front of us.this is
the entrance to the dragon head hill fortress.the gate was 157cm.the same height as
zheng chenggong.so if you are taller than that you need to bow,just as if you were
showing respect this great person. ok，let’s go out the memory hall now. though the peak of sunlight rock is not
very high,only 92.7 meters above sea level,but it will give you a fine view below
and
beyond ,a scenic that generously and candidly unwinds before you .now i cant wait
to take you to the top and show you the beautiful panoramic view of xiamen.please
watch your step while you are climbing the stairs.篇三：导游词 全中英对照 181页——203页
峰——莲花峰，海拔1864米。在天都峰与莲花峰之间，可以看到一片黄墙红顶的房子，那就是“玉屏楼”，其所在的山
峰名为玉屏峰。玉屏峰被称为“黄山绝胜处”，有“人间玉屏，天上人家之称。著名的迎客松、
送客松、陪客松以及黄山卧佛等都在这儿。
鳌鱼峰
在我们面前的这座山峰是鳌鱼峰。你看，整个山峰犹如一条巨大的鳌鱼，头向左，尾向
右。在鳌鱼的嘴前有三块小巧石，像三个螺蛳，因此组成“鳌鱼吃螺蛳”景观。在鳌鱼背上，
有石如龟，向前探首，峰石结合，构成“鳌鱼驮金龟”的奇景。游览至此，黄山北海景区的
景点便全部结束。谢谢大家!mount jiuhua
(九华山)
ladies and gentlemen，mount jiuhhua has 99 peaks surrounding its summit, shiwang peak, which is 1,342
meters high. mount jiuhua has a long history of religious culture, with taoism
preceding buddhism. among the more than eighty temples still standing today, huacheng,
ganlu, tiantai, and qiyuan temples, roushen hall, and zhantan froest are the best
preserved. the architectural style is distinguished by its free and vivid design
mixing buddhist temples and local residences in the mountain region. there are not
only big temples of a grand scale and strict style, but also small quiet temples made
up of one room and one hall.jiuhua street scenic areanow we are walking on the jiuhua street．it is located in a spacious area at the
foot of furong peak 600 meters，above sea level and surrounded by mountains，which
serves as mount jiuhua?s reception center．temples，local residences，and shops are
mixed together on jiuhua street，and monks，nuns，pilgrims，visitors and the local
inhabitants wander around here all day． qiyuan temple we are now in the famous roushen hall．more than 1．200 years ago，the eminent
monk jin qiaojue used to chant sutra and sit in meditation on shenguang ridge．when
he died，he sat in a vat and was placed in nantai．as the ground shone magically，
it was renamed shenguang (magic shine) ridge．three years later，the vat was opened．his
body was still soft，his face was still lively and his bones sounded clearly when
shaken. as the buddhist sutra showed，he was the reincarnation of buddha，so he was
honored ksitigarbha and a high hall and a wooden pagoda were built to protect him，
which was named roushen (incarnation) hall．the structure of a pagoda inside a hall,
a vat inside the pagoda，and an incarnated body inside the vat is unique. tiantai scenic areawe?ve arrived at tiantai scenic area. tiantai scenic areas is situated southeast
of mount jiuhua where most of the high peaks gather. tiantai peak is 1,325 meters
high, making it a little lower than shiwang peak. but it is always been regarded as
the center of the high peaks because of its many scenic sights and ancient temples.
starting from minyuan to tiantai, you?ll enjoy various magnificent views one by one
as you climb higher and higher.tiantai temple
tiantai temple now is in our sights. it is also called wanfo building and
ksitigarbha buddhist temple and has three parts. first you?ll enter the maitreya
buddha hall, then the hall of the three sages in the western world，at last the grand
hall. now，please look up，you can see on the wooden ceiling, thousands of small
buddhist figurines are lined with various vivid expressions．the temple has no outside
yards，but is still spacious and bright，due to its special design．on the rock at
the corner of the hall is a big footprint which is paired with one on another peak，
the east cliff．they were the holy prints left by jin qiaojue when he took off striding
over the two peaks．the big drum was presented in 1982 by the pious buddhist believers
in kowloon， hong kong．各位朋友，大家好!
沐浴着清晨的阳光，我们将前往九华山风景区游览。我先简单介绍一下九华山风景区的
概况。九华山位于安徽省青阳县西南，景色秀奇，古刹林立，是以佛教文化为特色的山岳风景区，中国四大佛教名山之一。九华山群峰林立，高高低低的山峰围绕着海拔1342米的主峰十王峰，犹如儿孙绕膝，老
少欢聚。九华山宗教活动历史悠久，其道教在先，佛教更盛。现存寺庙80多座，其中被列为
国家重点保护的有化成寺、祗园寺、肉身宝殿、旃檀林、甘露寺、天台寺等。其建筑形式很
有特色，大部分以佛教殿堂与皖南民居相结合，依山傍势，布局灵巧，既有规模宏大 的殿宇，
也有一舍一佛堂的清净小庵。大家可能都知道，九华山佛教以地藏道场而闻名。据古迹记载，唐代开元年间，古新罗
国(今朝鲜半岛)王族近属金乔觉渡海来华，在九华山苦修, 于贞元十年(公元764年)夏99
岁时圆寂。佛教界以他生前苦行，寂后形迹与经典所载地藏菩萨相合，尊为地藏菩萨应化，
在神光岭上建墓安葬，九华山自此被辟为地藏应化道场，香火日盛。这里每年定期举行庙会，
一般都要持续10天，已经成为了全国性的旅游项目，为海内外游人香客所欢迎。因为时间的
关系，我们主要游览九华街和天台景区。 九华街景区
现在我们正走在九华街上。九华街位于芙蓉峰下海拔600米的开阔地带，四面环山，是
九华山的接待中心。这里是佛国，也是街市，寺庙、民宅、商店交错分布，一条环形小街，
终日人来人往，有僧尼，有香客，有游人，还有当地的普通居民，他们各行其是，既清静又
热闹。
祗园寺
大家现在看到的这座寺院是祗园寺，又名祗园禅寺，初建于明代，是九华山唯一的宫殿
式完整寺庙，但整个建筑并不像宫殿那样取中轴线对称形式，而是曲曲折折，连寺门也偏向
一边。大家先请看寺前的浮雕莲花甬道，上面刻有古钱币图案，表现了僧人对虚无缥缈的“七
宝莲池”琉璃世界的憧憬，象征着释迦牟尼的圣迹。进入寺门后，请看两边：两尊金刚居于
左右，一哼一哈，令人生畏。中间是灵官护法，他额生竖眼，手执长鞭，显示出他的职责和
佛法不可侵犯。灵官本是道教的神仙，为什么来到了九华山呢?传说有一天地藏的护法神韦驮
外出巡山，来了个不信佛的状元，用钢针朝地藏的腿上扎去，看看是不是真身。一扎果然流
出血水，那状元便急忙下山去了。待韦驮回来问明情由后，不顾地藏的劝阻，偷偷下山追到
五溪桥，一鞭打死了状元。地藏为此十分生气，逐走了韦驮，请来了灵官。至今，五溪桥头
仍有“状元坟”遗迹作为这个传说的佐证。肉身宝殿
大家现在来到的是著名的肉身宝殿。1200多年前，高僧金乔觉常到神光岭上诵经，晏坐。
唐贞元十年(公元794年)，金乔觉圆寂，依浮屠之法，坐殓缸内，安置于南台（西岭）。因当
时地发神光，此地便改名为神光岭了。三年后开缸，其遗体绵软，颜貌如生，撼其骨节有金
锁般响声，以佛经所示，乃菩萨应世，遂立三级小浮屠供奉，尊为地藏王菩萨，以后又外筑
高殿，木塔宠护。肉身殿在九华山的庙宇中，可谓是最具特色的建筑了，这“殿中有塔，塔
中有缸，缸中有肉身”的结构实属罕见。 天台景区
西安中英导游词篇二：英汉对照导游词
长白山北坡导游词
女士们、先生们 你们好Ladies and gentlemen , good morning !欢迎您来到吉林省长白山国家级自然保护区旅游观光welcome to Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve in jilin province我是这里的导游员As your guide非常高兴能有机会陪同各位一道参观游览长白山it?s my pleasure to visit Changbai Mountian with you 我愿意竭诚为您服务衷心祝您旅行愉快 I?m willing to provide good service for you with sincerity and wish everyone has a good time here!
敬爱的邓小平同志游览长白山后说?不登长白山终生遗憾Our respected leader Deng Xiaoping , after visiting Changbai Mountain , said that it would be a lifetime regret without climbing the Changbai Mountain ?是的我想诸位今天游览长白山后会有更加深刻的体会. Indeed, I believe all of you will have more impressive experience after the visit 长白山将是您生态旅游、回归自然的首选旅游胜地。 It will be your first choice of ecotourism and to return to nature .
现在大家跟我来到的是长白山北坡山门后Now, we at the gate of the north slope of Changbai Mountain . 朋友们您现在已进入了举世闻名的长白山国家级自然保护区My friends , you have entered in the world-renowned Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve我现在简单地向大家介绍一下长白山保护区的
情况。Let me give you a brief introduction of the reserve 长白山自然保护区建立于1960年Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve was founded in 1960 ,1980年加入国际人与生物圈保护区网被列为世界自然保留地1986年被列为国家级森林与野生动物类型的自然保护区2007年5月经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区2009年8月经国家地质遗址保护领导小组批准授予长白山国家地质公园资格。2009年11月长白山入选‘中国十大休闲胜地’ 界限分明的垂直植被景观带。It was included into the World Network of Biosphere Reserve and listed as the world Natural Reserve in 1980,and as the National Forest and wild life Protection Administration as the National 5 class-A tourist attraction in May ,2007 and by Natural Geological Relics Protection Leading Group to confer it as the National Geological Park in August ,2009,.In November of 2009, |Changbai Mountain was selected as “China ?s top leisure resort”
从山脚到山顶虽然只有几十公里的行程There is only ten meters long from the feet to top 但垂直分布的景观带却好像经历了欧亚大陆从温带到极地几千公里的变化but the vertical landscape belt seems to has experienced about thousands of kilometers changes in Euria from subtropical to polar 游客可以在几个小时之内感觉到从温带到寒带的不同自然景色tourists can enjoy various natural sceneries from frigid zone to temperate
zone within hours.如同游历了半个世界经历了春夏秋冬四季一样真可谓是一山分四季十里不同天。It just like have happened for half a century and experienced from spring to winter . the mountain has different views in four seasons and has various climates within kilometers
西安中英导游词篇三：西安旅游景点英文介绍
西安旅游景点英文介绍
大雁塔 Great Wild Goose Pagoda
小雁塔 Small Wild Goose Pagoda
秦始皇兵马俑博物馆
Museum of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Tomb Figures of Soldiers and Horses
秦始皇陵 The Tomb of Emperor Qinshihuang
黄帝陵 The Huangdi Tomb
鼓 楼 The Drum Tower
钟 楼 The Bell Tower
西安城墙 The Xi’an Circumvallation
华清池 The Huaqing Pond
乾 陵 The Qian Tomb
法门寺 The Famen Temple
黄河壶口瀑布 The Huanghe Hukou Waterfall
大唐芙蓉园Lotus palace of Tang Dynasty
秦始皇陵兵马俑英文导游辞
Emperor Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his
given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China's history.
In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later
generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China's dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.
After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the
enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against
harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China's 2,000 year old feudal society.
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty's history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China's ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those
events were later called in history “the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”
Emperor Qin Shihuang, for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the(来自:WWw.HnnscY.com 博文 学习 网:西安中英导游词) tomb, were enclosed alive.
Emperor Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could only be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warrior excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum was.
No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation,
symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979. No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep, covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.
No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters
high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were
sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirrups.
No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the
exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang's strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.
The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasty. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the
terra-cotta figures have been burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can't see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of themes are still very sharp; analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty's metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.
In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were
unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white
background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 pieces of gold and silvers and
decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang's soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses
provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty. No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years' careful and painstaking restoration by
archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.
大雁塔英文导游词
As the symbol of the old-line Xian, Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a well-preserved ancient building and a holy place for Buddhists. It is located in the southern suburb of Xian City, about 4 kilometers (2.49 miles) from the downtown of the city. Standing in the Da Ci'en Temple complex, it attracts numerous visitors for its fame in the Buddhist religion, its simple but appealing style of construction, and its new square in front of the temple. It is rated as a National Key Cultural Relic Preserve as well as an AAAA Tourist Attraction.
This attraction can be divided into three parts: the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the Da Ci'en Temple, and the North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
Big Wild Goose Pagoda
Originally built in 652 during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), it functioned to collect Buddhist materials that were taken from India by the hierarch Xuanzang.
Xuanzang started off from Chang'an (the ancient Xian), along the Silk Road and through deserts, finally arriving in India, the cradle of Buddhism. Enduring 17 years and traversing 100 countries, he obtained Buddha figures, 657 kinds of sutras, and several Buddha relics. Having gotten the permission of Emperor Gaozong (628-683), Xuanzang, as the first abbot of Da Ci'en Temple, supervised the building of a pagoda inside it. With the support of royalty, he asked 50 hierarchs into the temple to translate Sanskrit in sutras into Chinese, totaling 1,335 volumes, which heralded a new era in the history of translation. Based on the journey to India, he also wrote a book entitled 'Pilgrimage to the West' in the Tang Dynasty, to which scholars attached great importance.
First built to a height of 60 meters (197 feet) with five stories, it is now 64.5 meters (211.6 feet) high with an additional two stories. It was said that after that addition came the saying-'Saving a life exceeds building a seven-storied pagoda'. Externally it looks like a square cone, simple but grand and it is a masterpiece of Buddhist construction. Built of
brick, its structure is very firm. Inside the pagoda, stairs twist up so that visitors can climb and overlook the panorama of Xian City from the arch-shaped doors on four sides of each storey. On the walls are engraved fine statues of Buddha by the renowned artist Yan Liben of the Tang Dynasty. Steles by noted calligraphers also grace the pagoda.
As for the reason why it is called Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there is a legend. According to ancient stories of Buddhists, there were two branches, for one of which eating meat was not a taboo. One day, they couldn't find meat to buy. Upon seeing a group of big wild geese flying by, a monk said to himself: 'Today we have no meat. I hope the merciful Bodhisattva will give us some.' At that very moment, the leading wild goose broke its wings and fell to the ground. All the monks were startled and believed that Bodhisattva showed his spirit to order them to be more pious. They established a pagoda where the wild goose fell and stopped eating meat. Hence it got the name 'Big Wild Goose Pagoda'.
Da Ci'en Temple
Da Ci'en Temple is the home of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In 648, to commemorate the dead virtuous queen, royalty ordered the building of a temple named 'Ci'en' (Mercy and Kindness), for which the status and scale far exceeded all others. Today, with an area of 32,314 square meters (38,648.5 square yards), one seventh of the original area, it still retains its grandeur.
Before the temple, there stands a statue of hierarch Xuanzang, the meritorious hierarch. Walking on and across a small bridge, visitors will see the gates of the temple. With guarding lions, the temple seems stately for lions were said to function as talismans.
Entering the temple you will see two buildings-Bell Tower in the east and Drum Tower in the west. Inside the Bell Tower hangs an iron bell 15 tons (14.76 gross tons) in weight. It was molded in 1548 in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Along the central axis are arranged the Hall of Mahavira, Sermon Hall, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and the Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang. In the Hall of Mahavira are three carved statues of Sakyamuni, and 18 arhats as well as Xuanzang. The Sermon Hall is where Buddhist disciples would listen to a sermon.
A bronze statue of Amitabha is dedicated and a Buddha statue is collected by Xuanzang as oblation. The Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang is north of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In this hall are Xuanzang's relic and a bronze statue of a seated Xuanzang. The inner wall is chiseled with murals depicting this hierarch's story. Renowned as the contemporary Dunhuang Buddhist storehouse praised by UNESCO, it is the biggest memorial of Xuanzang.
North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda
Surrounding Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the scenery is also quite charming, especially the square north of the Da Ci'en Temple. Covering about 110,000 square meters (131563 square yards) plus 20,000 square meters (23920.6 square yards) of water area, it holds many records: in Asia, it is the biggest Tang-culture square, the biggest fountain and